(译) 如何优雅的关闭Go Channel

func SafeClose(ch chan T) (justClosed bool) {
	defer func() {
		if recover() != nil {
			justClosed = false
		}
	}()
	
	// assume ch != nil here.
	close(ch) // panic if ch is closed
	return true // <=> justClosed = true; return
}

func SafeSend(ch chan T, value T) (closed bool) {
	defer func() {
		if recover() != nil {
			// The return result can be altered 
			// in a defer function call.
			closed = true
		}
	}()
	
	ch <- value // panic if ch is closed
	return false // <=> closed = false; return
}

type MyChannel struct {
	C    chan T
	once sync.Once
}

func NewMyChannel() *MyChannel {
	return &MyChannel{C: make(chan T)}
}

func (mc *MyChannel) SafeClose() {
	mc.once.Do(func() {
		close(mc.C)
	})
}

type MyChannel struct {
	C      chan T
	closed bool
	mutex  sync.Mutex
}

func NewMyChannel() *MyChannel {
	return &MyChannel{C: make(chan T)}
}

func (mc *MyChannel) SafeClose() {
	mc.mutex.Lock()
	if !mc.closed {
		close(mc.C)
		mc.closed = true
	}
	mc.mutex.Unlock()
}

func (mc *MyChannel) IsClosed() bool {
	mc.mutex.Lock()
	defer mc.mutex.Unlock()
	return mc.closed
}

package main

import (
	"time"
	"math/rand"
	"sync"
	"log"
)

func main() {
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
	log.SetFlags(0)
	
	// ...
	const MaxRandomNumber = 100000
	const NumReceivers = 100
	
	wgReceivers := sync.WaitGroup{}
	wgReceivers.Add(NumReceivers)
	
	// ...
	dataCh := make(chan int, 100)
	
	// the sender
	go func() {
		for {
			if value := rand.Intn(MaxRandomNumber); value == 0 {
				// The only sender can close the channel safely.
				close(dataCh)
				return
			} else {			
				dataCh <- value
			}
		}
	}()
	
	// receivers
	for i := 0; i < NumReceivers; i++ {
		go func() {
			defer wgReceivers.Done()
			
			// Receive values until dataCh is closed and
			// the value buffer queue of dataCh is empty.
			for value := range dataCh {
				log.Println(value)
			}
		}()
	}
	
	wgReceivers.Wait()
}

package main

import (
	"time"
	"math/rand"
	"sync"
	"log"
)

func main() {
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
	log.SetFlags(0)
	
	// ...
	const MaxRandomNumber = 100000
	const NumSenders = 1000
	
	wgReceivers := sync.WaitGroup{}
	wgReceivers.Add(1)
	
	// ...
	dataCh := make(chan int, 100)
	stopCh := make(chan struct{})
	// stopCh is an additional signal channel.
	// Its sender is the receiver of channel dataCh.
	// Its reveivers are the senders of channel dataCh.
	
	// senders
	for i := 0; i < NumSenders; i++ {
		go func() {
			for {
				// The first select here is to try to exit the goroutine
				// as early as possible. In fact, it is not essential
				// for this example, so it can be omitted.
				select {
				case <- stopCh:
					return
				default:
				}
				
				// Even if stopCh is closed, the first branch in the
				// second select may be still not selected for some
				// loops if the send to dataCh is also unblocked.
				// But this is acceptable, so the first select
				// can be omitted.
				select {
				case <- stopCh:
					return
				case dataCh <- rand.Intn(MaxRandomNumber):
				}
			}
		}()
	}
	
	// the receiver
	go func() {
		defer wgReceivers.Done()
		
		for value := range dataCh {
			if value == MaxRandomNumber-1 {
				// The receiver of the dataCh channel is
				// also the sender of the stopCh cahnnel.
				// It is safe to close the stop channel here.
				close(stopCh)
				return
			}
			
			log.Println(value)
		}
	}()
	
	// ...
	wgReceivers.Wait()
}

package main

import (
	"time"
	"math/rand"
	"sync"
	"log"
	"strconv"
)

func main() {
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
	log.SetFlags(0)
	
	// ...
	const MaxRandomNumber = 100000
	const NumReceivers = 10
	const NumSenders = 1000
	
	wgReceivers := sync.WaitGroup{}
	wgReceivers.Add(NumReceivers)
	
	// ...
	dataCh := make(chan int, 100)
	stopCh := make(chan struct{})
		// stopCh is an additional signal channel.
		// Its sender is the moderator goroutine shown below.
		// Its reveivers are all senders and receivers of dataCh.
	toStop := make(chan string, 1)
		// The channel toStop is used to notify the moderator
		// to close the additional signal channel (stopCh).
		// Its senders are any senders and receivers of dataCh.
		// Its reveiver is the moderator goroutine shown below.
	
	var stoppedBy string
	
	// moderator
	go func() {
		stoppedBy = <- toStop
		close(stopCh)
	}()
	
	// senders
	for i := 0; i < NumSenders; i++ {
		go func(id string) {
			for {
				value := rand.Intn(MaxRandomNumber)
				if value == 0 {
					// Here, a trick is used to notify the moderator
					// to close the additional signal channel.
					select {
					case toStop <- "sender#" + id:
					default:
					}
					return
				}
				
				// The first select here is to try to exit the goroutine
				// as early as possible. This select blocks with one
				// receive operation case and one default branches will
				// be optimized as a try-receive operation by the
				// official Go compiler.
				select {
				case <- stopCh:
					return
				default:
				}
				
				// Even if stopCh is closed, the first branch in the
				// second select may be still not selected for some
				// loops (and for ever in theory) if the send to
				// dataCh is also unblocked.
				// This is why the first select block is needed.
				select {
				case <- stopCh:
					return
				case dataCh <- value:
				}
			}
		}(strconv.Itoa(i))
	}
	
	// receivers
	for i := 0; i < NumReceivers; i++ {
		go func(id string) {
			defer wgReceivers.Done()
			
			for {
				// Same as the sender goroutine, the first select here
				// is to try to exit the goroutine as early as possible.
				select {
				case <- stopCh:
					return
				default:
				}
				
				// Even if stopCh is closed, the first branch in the
				// second select may be still not selected for some
				// loops (and for ever in theory) if the receive from
				// dataCh is also unblocked.
				// This is why the first select block is needed.
				select {
				case <- stopCh:
					return
				case value := <-dataCh:
					if value == MaxRandomNumber-1 {
						// The same trick is used to notify
						// the moderator to close the
						// additional signal channel.
						select {
						case toStop <- "receiver#" + id:
						default:
						}
						return
					}
					
					log.Println(value)
				}
			}
		}(strconv.Itoa(i))
	}
	
	// ...
	wgReceivers.Wait()
	log.Println("stopped by", stoppedBy)
}

if value == 0 {
  // Here, a trick is used to notify the moderator
  // to close the additional signal channel.
  select {
    case toStop <- "sender#" + id:
  default:
    }
  return
}

case value := <-dataCh:
	if value == MaxRandomNumber-1 {
		// The same trick is used to notify
		// the moderator to close the
		// additional signal channel.
		select {
		case toStop <- "receiver#" + id:
		default:
		}
		return
	}